wOHdmkfõoS Wmdê mdGud,dj 2009 - 2011
.=re n,jka;lrk fomd¾;fïka;=j
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh - uyr.u'
.=re YsIHdf.a ku ( fÊ'
.=Kúgf.a
YsIH ,shdmosxÑ wxlh ( BE/09/S/S/0379
m%dfoaYSh uOHia:dkh (
kqjrt<sh
úIh ( f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh b.ekaùfï l%u
úoHdj
mejreu( wkdjrK bf.kqu (Discovery Learning)
wkdjrK bf.kqu ^Discovery Learning)
ye|skaùu'
YsIH
flakaøSh bf.kqï l%ufõohka f,iska wkdjrK bf.kqug wOHdmk moaO;sfha ysñ jkqfha
m%uqLia:dkhls' tfiau j¾;udkfha b;du ckm%sh iy .=Kd;aul bf.kqï l%ufõohla f,io
wkdjrK bf.kqï l%uh f,dalfha Ndú;d lrkq ,nhs' YsIH flakaøSh bf.kqï l%uh mokï ù
we;af;a bf.kqu ms<sn| ks¾udKjd§kaf.a woyia ^Constructivist Views) mokï lrf.kh' wkdjrK bf.kqï l%uh
jvd;a fhda.H jkafka úfYaIfhkau YsIHhka l%shdldÍj" .fõIKYS,Sj ±kqu l=i,;d
iy l%fudamdh .%yKh lrk .kakd wjia:dj,§h' wkdjrK bf.kqu úuiqï mdol bf.kqfuys
wdlD;shla f,io we;eï úg m%p,s;j mj;S' fuys§ wod, ud;Dldj isiqkaf.a úuiqug ,la
lsÍu" ta yd iïnkaO m%Yak .eg¿ idlÉPdjg ,la lsÍu" tu ud;Dldjg wod,j
wfkl=;a f;dr;=re /ialsÍu" wjYH wjia:d ;=,§ fya;=M, .,md ne,Sug;a"
ks.uk j,g t<öug fyda úi÷ï fiùu;a wkdjrK bf.kqï l%ufha§ wfmalaId flf¾' fuu
bf.kqï l%uh jvd;au fhda.H jkafka iudc wOHhkh" úoHdj" N+f.da,h"
b;sydih" fi!LHh" mßir wOHhkh iy .Ks;h jeks úIhkaf.a b;d je|.;a jQ úIh
wruqKq idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|ydh' wkdjrK bf.kqï l%ufha M,odhs nj ;yjqre lr
.ekSfï§ úfYaI wjOdkh fhduqjk wjia:d lsysmhla wmg y÷kd.; yelsh'
·
bf.kqï l%shdj,sh b;d iQlaIu f,i jHqy.; lr we;s úfgl'
·
isiqka ;=< wod, fmr ±kqu yd l=i,;d we;s úg'
·
mÍlaIKfha § .=rejreka isiqkag wjYH ueÈy;aùu Wmßu whqßka
,nd§ug iQodkï úfgl"
wkdjrK bf.kqï
l%uh jvd;a M,odhs lr.ekSug yels jk nj úYajdihhs' fuu bf.kqï l%ufha§ isiqkag
wjia:dkql+,j ;SrK .ekSug yd ks.uk j,g t<öug yelshdj iïmdokh ùu úfYaI
,laIKhls' jHqy.; fkdjQ m%fõY j,§ fuu bf.kqï l%uh Ndú;fhka ,efnk m%;sM, we;eï úg
hym;a fkdúh yelsh' úfYaIfhka isiqka ;=< M,odhs bf.kqï l=i,;d fkdue;s úg iy
fya;= idOl fidhd .ekSug wmyiq úfgl <uqkaf.ka ,efnk m%;spdr ÿ¾j, úh yelsh'
fuu wkdjrK bf.kqï l%ufha§ .=rejrhd mdvfï wruqKq isiqkag meyeÈ,s lr foñka uQ,sl
±kqu yd l%shdldrlï i|yd wjYH Wmfoia yd .=rejrhdf.a fhdackd o bÈßm;a flf¾' hï
.eg¨jla we;s úfgl th ksrdlrKh lr .ekSu i|yd wjYH oE mshjfrka mshjrg myod foñka
m%Yak weiSu;a" b.s ,nd §u;a isÿflf¾' fujeks Wmldrhla ,nd §fuka isiqka
ksjerÈ ud¾.hg fhduqù;a" jHdl+,;djfhka f;drj lreKq wjfndaOlr .ekSug;a bv
ie<fia' bf.kqu i|yd wdOdrlhla iemhSfuka YsIH u; megfjk m%cdkk nr (Cognitive load) ieye,a¨ fõ' th wkdjrK bf.kqï l%ufha
;j;a iqúfYaIS ,laIKhla fõ' tfiau fuu bf.kqï l%uh bf.kqï ,dNshd i;=gla"
úkaokhla ,nk fm<Uùï (Motivation)
l%uhla
f,io y÷kd .ekSug mq¿jk' wOHdmk{ fcfrdï n¾k¾ (Jerom Buner) mjikafka isiqka
úiska hula fidhd .ekSu ;=,ska" w;ayod ne,Su ;=,ska" mÍlaId lsÍu
;=,ska fyda m%dfhda.slj bgqlsÍu ;=,ska wkdjrK bf.kqulg u. mdod.; hq;= njhs' ;jo
wkdjrK bf.kqï l%uh ;=,ska YsIHhskaf.a m%dfhda.sl l=i,;d ixj¾Okhg miqìï ks¾udKh
jk w;r tâ.d¾ fâ,a úiska bÈßm;a lrkakg fhÿkq bf.kqï fla;=j fyj;a The Learning Pyramid úYaf,aIKh
lsÍfuka th wjfndaOlr .ekSug myiq jkq we;'
Ndú;d lrk bf.kqï l%uh
|
w;am;a lr .kakd M,h
|
Lecture
|
5%
|
Reading
|
10%
|
Audio
Visual
|
20%
|
Demonstration
|
30%
|
Discussion
Group
|
50%
|
Practice by
doing
|
75%
|
Teach to
others
|
80%
|
by; igyk ;=<
isiqka m%;sM, w;am;a lr .kakd m%jk;djh 80] la f,i y÷kd.kq ,nkafka Teach to
others keue;s l%shdldrlu (Activity) ;=, oS Wj;a tu idOk l=i,;djhka Bg;a jvd by, ;;ajhla lrd /f.k hdug wkdjrK
bf.kqï l%uhg yelshdj we;s nj ms<s.;a u;hhs'
wkdjrK bf.kqu YsIH wOHdmkfha§ fl;rï by, m%;sM, ,nd§ug iu;a jkafkao hkak Combining
Bruner iy Ausuble hk wOHdmk{hska
fofokd Tjqkaf.a M,odhs bf.kqï kHdh (Effective Learning Concept) Ndú;h ;=<§
fmkajd § we;'
w¾:j;a bf.kqu ^Meaningful Learning
Concept)
(Reception Learning)
hdka;%sl bf.kqu (Rote Learning)
wkdjrK bf.kqfï
jdis'
01' isiqka i;=áka bf.kqu ;=< ksr; ùu'
02' isiqkag m%cdkk nr (Cognitive load) wvqùu'
03' bf.kqï l%shdj,sh ;=, iajdëk;ajh we;s lr .ekSug yels ùu'
04' Ndú;d
lrkq ,nk l%shdldrlï mx;s ldur wNHdi fmd;a yd fm,fmd;a Ndú;hg jvd w¾:j;a ùu'
05' isiqka
,nd .kakd bf.kqï w;a±lSï Tjqkaf.a Ôú;fha fjk;a wjia:djkag .,md.; yelsùu'
06' isiqka
;=< mj;akd fmr ±kqu iy w;a±lSï mdol lr .ksñka bf.kqï l%shdj,sh Èß.ekaùug
yelsùu'
07' kj
ixl,am yd f;dr;=re isiqka úiskau wkdjrKh lr .ekSug yelsùu'
08' mdol
úIh lafIa;%h ;=, kj l=i,;d yd Wmdh ud¾. bf.kSug fm<öu'
09' isiqka
;=, iudc yelshd iy ;d¾lsl yelshd ixj¾Okh ùu'
10' mßmQ¾K
w¾:j;a bf.kqï wjia:d Wodlr .ekSug yelsùu'
wkdjrK bf.kqfuys wjdis"
01' iïm;a
nyq, bf.kqï mßirhla wjYHùu'
02' ´kEu
ia:dkhla ;=, isg l%shd;aul lsÍug we;s fkdyelshdj'
03' .;jk
ld,h jeäùu'
04' iEu
úIhlgu Ndú;d lsÍug we;s wjia:dj wvqùu'
05' isiqka
fidhd.;a ±kqu ksisf,i w¾:l:kh lr .ekSug fkdyels jqjfyd;a Tjqkaf.a bf.kSu iSñ;
ùu'
06' l%shdldÍ
iajNdjh m%n, jqj;a úIh ikaOdrh ;=< mj;sk jeo.;a ixl,am kS;sÍ;s iy uQ,O¾u
ksjerÈj wjfndaO lr .ekSug fkdyelsùu'
07' we;eï
úg wka;¾ mqoa., yelshd (Inter
Personal Skills) ÿ¾j, ùug mdol úh yelsùu'
08' f;dr;=re
imhd .ekSug fyda bf.kqï M, w;am;a lr .ekSug iDcq b.ekaùug jvd ld,hla .;ùu'
09' bf.kqï
l%uh ;=, ksr; ùug fmr ish¨ isiqka ksoyia wOHhk l=i,;d yd iajhx l<ukdlrK
yelshd f.dvk.d .; hq;=ùu'
10' wkdjrK
bf.kqu ms<sn|j .=reNj;df.a iy WmfoaYlhska ;=< mj;sk wvq wjfndaOh iy
fkd±kqj;a Ndjh ksid isiqkag .=Kd;aul bf.kqï M, wysñ ù hdu'
